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134 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
134 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
# VLAN Network Segmentation
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**Last Updated:** 2026-01-26
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**Status:** Phase 1 Complete, Phase 2 Complete - VLAN Filtering ACTIVE
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## Overview
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Network segmentation using VLANs for security isolation between device types.
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## VLAN Architecture
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| VLAN ID | Name | Subnet | Gateway | Purpose | Devices |
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|---------|------|--------|---------|---------|---------|
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| 1 | Legacy | 192.168.31.0/24 | 192.168.31.1 | Default/Legacy network (transition) | - |
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| 10 | Management | 192.168.10.0/24 | 192.168.10.1 | Network infrastructure | 6 |
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| 20 | Trusted | 192.168.20.0/24 | 192.168.20.1 | Family devices (phones, laptops) | 9 |
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| 25 | Kids | 192.168.25.0/24 | 192.168.25.1 | Kids devices (parental controls) | 6 |
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| 30 | IoT | 192.168.30.0/24 | 192.168.30.1 | Smart home devices | 14 |
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| 35 | Cameras | 192.168.35.0/24 | 192.168.35.1 | Security cameras (isolated) | 1 |
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| 40 | Servers | 192.168.40.0/24 | 192.168.40.1 | Printers, services | 1 |
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| 50 | Guest | 192.168.50.0/24 | 192.168.50.1 | Guest network (internet only) | 7 |
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| **Total** | | | | | **44** |
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## Current Status
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### MikroTik hAP ax³ ✅ READY
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- [x] VLAN interfaces created (10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50)
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- [x] IP addresses assigned to all VLANs
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- [x] DHCP servers for each VLAN
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- [x] DHCP pools configured
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- [x] Static DHCP leases (44 devices)
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- [x] Bridge VLAN table entries
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- [x] **DHCP DNS set to each VLAN gateway** (fixed 2026-01-26)
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- [x] **VLAN interfaces added to LAN list** (fixed 2026-01-26)
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- [x] **DNS redirect rules for all VLANs** (fixed 2026-01-26)
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- [x] **NAT masquerade for VLAN→AdGuard** (fixed 2026-01-26)
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- [x] Firewall rules for inter-VLAN isolation
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- [x] VLAN filtering enabled (ACTIVE since 2026-01-26)
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### CSS326 Switch ✅ CONFIGURED
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- [x] VLAN mode enabled
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- [x] VLANs created (1, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50)
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- [x] Port 1 - Trunk to router (tagged all VLANs)
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- [x] Port 2 - Access VLAN 10 (NanoKVM)
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- [x] Port 17-18 - Access VLAN 25 (Kids rooms)
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- [x] Port 19-21 - Access VLAN 20 (Main bedroom)
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- [x] Port 22-24 - Access VLAN 30 (Living room)
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- [x] SFP1 - Trunk to ZX1 (tagged all VLANs)
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### Backup Created ✅
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- MikroTik backup: `/mnt/user/appdata/backups/mikrotik/backup-before-vlan-filtering-20260125-213635.rsc`
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## DHCP Configuration
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| VLAN | Server | Pool | DNS Server | Lease |
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|------|--------|------|------------|-------|
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| 10 | dhcp-mgmt | 192.168.10.100-200 | 192.168.10.1 | 30m |
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| 20 | dhcp-trusted | 192.168.20.100-220 | 192.168.20.1 | 30m |
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| 25 | dhcp-kids | 192.168.25.100-200 | 192.168.25.1 | 30m |
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| 30 | dhcp-iot | 192.168.30.100-220 | 192.168.30.1 | 30m |
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| 35 | dhcp-cameras | 192.168.35.100-150 | 192.168.35.1 | 30m |
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| 40 | dhcp-servers | 192.168.40.100-150 | 192.168.40.1 | 30m |
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| 50 | dhcp-guest | 192.168.50.100-220 | 192.168.50.1 | 4h |
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**DNS Flow:** Device → VLAN Gateway → NAT Redirect → AdGuard (172.17.0.2) → Internet
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## Issues Fixed (2026-01-26)
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### Problem: Internet broke when VLAN filtering enabled
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**Root Causes:**
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1. DHCP DNS pointed to 192.168.31.1 (legacy) - unreachable from VLANs
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2. DNS redirect rules only covered 192.168.31.0/24
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3. VLAN interfaces not in LAN firewall list
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4. No NAT masquerade for VLAN→AdGuard traffic
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**Fixes Applied:**
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```routeros
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# 1. DHCP DNS now points to each VLAN gateway
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/ip dhcp-server network set [find address=192.168.20.0/24] dns-server=192.168.20.1
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# ... repeated for all VLANs
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# 2. DNS redirect for all VLANs
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/ip firewall nat add chain=dstnat action=dst-nat to-addresses=172.17.0.2 to-ports=53 protocol=udp src-address-list=all-vlans dst-port=53
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# 3. VLAN interfaces in LAN list
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/interface list member add list=LAN interface=vlan20-trusted
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# ... repeated for all VLANs
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# 4. NAT masquerade for VLAN DNS
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/ip firewall nat add chain=srcnat action=masquerade protocol=udp src-address-list=all-vlans dst-address=172.17.0.2 dst-port=53
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```
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## Activation Steps (When Ready)
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### Step 1: Enable VLAN Filtering
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```routeros
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/interface bridge set bridge vlan-filtering=yes
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```
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### Step 2: Force DHCP Renewal on Devices
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Devices need new IP from their VLAN DHCP:
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- **Windows:** `ipconfig /release && ipconfig /renew`
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- **Mac:** System Preferences → Network → Renew DHCP
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- **Linux:** `sudo dhclient -r && sudo dhclient`
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- **Phones/IoT:** Toggle WiFi off/on
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### Rollback (If Needed)
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```routeros
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/interface bridge set bridge vlan-filtering=no
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```
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## CSS326 Port Assignment
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| Port | Connection | VLAN | Mode |
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|------|------------|------|------|
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| 1 | HAP1 Router | All | Trunk |
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| 2 | NanoKVM | 10 | Access |
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| 3-16 | Unused | - | - |
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| 17 | Boys Room B2 | 25 | Access |
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| 18 | Boys Room B1 | 25 | Access |
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| 19 | Main Bedroom M1 | 20 | Access |
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| 20 | Main Bedroom M2 | 20 | Access |
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| 21 | Main Bedroom M3 | 20 | Access |
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| 22 | Living Room L1 | 30 | Access |
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| 23 | Living Room L2 | 30 | Access |
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| 24 | Living Room L3 | 30 | Access |
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| SFP1 | ZX1 10G | All | Trunk |
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| SFP2 | Unused | - | - |
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## Related Documents
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- [03-VLAN-DEVICE-ASSIGNMENT.md](03-VLAN-DEVICE-ASSIGNMENT.md) - Device inventory (44 devices)
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- [04-VLAN-MIGRATION-PLAN.md](04-VLAN-MIGRATION-PLAN.md) - Original migration plan
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